diff --git a/monitor.go b/monitor.go
index 6ef0de7..91b3c84 100644
--- a/monitor.go
+++ b/monitor.go
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ var ErrNoRoute = E.New("no route to internet")
 
 type (
 	NetworkUpdateCallback          = func() error
-	DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback = func()
+	DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback = func() error
 )
 
 type NetworkUpdateMonitor interface {
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ type NetworkUpdateMonitor interface {
 	Close() error
 	RegisterCallback(callback NetworkUpdateCallback) *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]
 	UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback])
+	E.Handler
 }
 
 type DefaultInterfaceMonitor interface {
@@ -24,4 +25,6 @@ type DefaultInterfaceMonitor interface {
 	Close() error
 	DefaultInterfaceName() string
 	DefaultInterfaceIndex() int
+	RegisterCallback(callback DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback) *list.Element[DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback]
+	UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback])
 }
diff --git a/monitor_android.go b/monitor_android.go
index 57f88c8..2d6f183 100644
--- a/monitor_android.go
+++ b/monitor_android.go
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) checkUpdate() error {
 		if oldInterface == m.defaultInterfaceName && oldIndex == m.defaultInterfaceIndex {
 			return nil
 		}
-		m.callback()
+		m.emit()
 		return nil
 	}
 
diff --git a/monitor_darwin.go b/monitor_darwin.go
index 1f1fc6d..46cb98f 100644
--- a/monitor_darwin.go
+++ b/monitor_darwin.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 
 	"golang.org/x/net/route"
 	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+	"syscall"
 )
 
 type networkUpdateMonitor struct {
@@ -29,30 +30,6 @@ func NewNetworkUpdateMonitor(errorHandler E.Handler) (NetworkUpdateMonitor, erro
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) RegisterCallback(callback NetworkUpdateCallback) *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback] {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	return m.callbacks.PushBack(callback)
-}
-
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	m.callbacks.Remove(element)
-}
-
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) emit() {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	callbacks := m.callbacks.Array()
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	for _, callback := range callbacks {
-		err := callback()
-		if err != nil {
-			m.errorHandler.NewError(context.Background(), err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) Start() error {
 	routeSocket, err := unix.Socket(unix.AF_ROUTE, unix.SOCK_RAW, 0)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -88,7 +65,7 @@ func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) loopUpdate() {
 		}
 		m.emit()
 	}
-	if !E.IsClosed(err) {
+	if err != syscall.EAGAIN {
 		m.errorHandler.NewError(context.Background(), err)
 	}
 }
@@ -97,43 +74,6 @@ func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) Close() error {
 	return common.Close(common.PtrOrNil(m.routeSocket))
 }
 
-type defaultInterfaceMonitor struct {
-	defaultInterfaceName  string
-	defaultInterfaceIndex int
-	networkMonitor        NetworkUpdateMonitor
-	element               *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]
-	callback              DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback
-}
-
-func NewDefaultInterfaceMonitor(networkMonitor NetworkUpdateMonitor, callback DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback) (DefaultInterfaceMonitor, error) {
-	return &defaultInterfaceMonitor{
-		networkMonitor: networkMonitor,
-		callback:       callback,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) Start() error {
-	err := m.checkUpdate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.element = m.networkMonitor.RegisterCallback(m.checkUpdate)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) Close() error {
-	m.networkMonitor.UnregisterCallback(m.element)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) DefaultInterfaceName() string {
-	return m.defaultInterfaceName
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) DefaultInterfaceIndex() int {
-	return m.defaultInterfaceIndex
-}
-
 func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) checkUpdate() error {
 	ribMessage, err := route.FetchRIB(unix.AF_UNSPEC, route.RIBTypeRoute, 0)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -163,7 +103,7 @@ func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) checkUpdate() error {
 			if oldInterface == m.defaultInterfaceName && oldIndex == m.defaultInterfaceIndex {
 				return nil
 			}
-			m.callback()
+			m.emit()
 			return nil
 		}
 	}
diff --git a/monitor_linux.go b/monitor_linux.go
index 56b2a12..32f4537 100644
--- a/monitor_linux.go
+++ b/monitor_linux.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package tun
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"os"
 	"sync"
 
@@ -29,30 +28,6 @@ func NewNetworkUpdateMonitor(errorHandler E.Handler) (NetworkUpdateMonitor, erro
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) RegisterCallback(callback NetworkUpdateCallback) *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback] {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	return m.callbacks.PushBack(callback)
-}
-
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	m.callbacks.Remove(element)
-}
-
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) emit() {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	callbacks := m.callbacks.Array()
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	for _, callback := range callbacks {
-		err := callback()
-		if err != nil {
-			m.errorHandler.NewError(context.Background(), err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) Start() error {
 	err := netlink.RouteSubscribe(m.routeUpdate, m.close)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -87,40 +62,3 @@ func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) Close() error {
 	close(m.close)
 	return nil
 }
-
-type defaultInterfaceMonitor struct {
-	defaultInterfaceName  string
-	defaultInterfaceIndex int
-	networkMonitor        NetworkUpdateMonitor
-	element               *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]
-	callback              DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback
-}
-
-func NewDefaultInterfaceMonitor(networkMonitor NetworkUpdateMonitor, callback DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback) (DefaultInterfaceMonitor, error) {
-	return &defaultInterfaceMonitor{
-		networkMonitor: networkMonitor,
-		callback:       callback,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) Start() error {
-	err := m.checkUpdate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.element = m.networkMonitor.RegisterCallback(m.checkUpdate)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) Close() error {
-	m.networkMonitor.UnregisterCallback(m.element)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) DefaultInterfaceName() string {
-	return m.defaultInterfaceName
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) DefaultInterfaceIndex() int {
-	return m.defaultInterfaceIndex
-}
diff --git a/monitor_linux_default.go b/monitor_linux_default.go
index 050c7f3..b190fef 100644
--- a/monitor_linux_default.go
+++ b/monitor_linux_default.go
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) checkUpdate() error {
 		if oldInterface == m.defaultInterfaceName && oldIndex == m.defaultInterfaceIndex {
 			return nil
 		}
-		m.callback()
+		m.emit()
 		return nil
 	}
 	return E.New("no route to internet")
diff --git a/monitor_other.go b/monitor_other.go
index e1fbd71..d44ff1b 100644
--- a/monitor_other.go
+++ b/monitor_other.go
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ func NewNetworkUpdateMonitor(errorHandler E.Handler) (NetworkUpdateMonitor, erro
 	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
 }
 
-func NewDefaultInterfaceMonitor(networkMonitor NetworkUpdateMonitor, callback DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback) (DefaultInterfaceMonitor, error) {
+func NewDefaultInterfaceMonitor(networkMonitor NetworkUpdateMonitor) (DefaultInterfaceMonitor, error) {
 	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
 }
diff --git a/monitor_shared.go b/monitor_shared.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cede3a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/monitor_shared.go
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//go:build linux || windows || darwin
+
+package tun
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+)
+
+func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) RegisterCallback(callback NetworkUpdateCallback) *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback] {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	return m.callbacks.PushBack(callback)
+}
+
+func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]) {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	m.callbacks.Remove(element)
+}
+
+func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) emit() {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	callbacks := m.callbacks.Array()
+	m.access.Unlock()
+	for _, callback := range callbacks {
+		err := callback()
+		if err != nil {
+			m.NewError(context.Background(), err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) NewError(ctx context.Context, err error) {
+	m.errorHandler.NewError(ctx, err)
+}
+
+type defaultInterfaceMonitor struct {
+	defaultInterfaceName  string
+	defaultInterfaceIndex int
+	networkMonitor        NetworkUpdateMonitor
+	element               *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]
+	access                sync.Mutex
+	callbacks             list.List[DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback]
+}
+
+func NewDefaultInterfaceMonitor(networkMonitor NetworkUpdateMonitor) (DefaultInterfaceMonitor, error) {
+	return &defaultInterfaceMonitor{
+		networkMonitor: networkMonitor,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) Start() error {
+	err := m.checkUpdate()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.element = m.networkMonitor.RegisterCallback(m.checkUpdate)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) Close() error {
+	m.networkMonitor.UnregisterCallback(m.element)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) DefaultInterfaceName() string {
+	return m.defaultInterfaceName
+}
+
+func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) DefaultInterfaceIndex() int {
+	return m.defaultInterfaceIndex
+}
+
+func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) RegisterCallback(callback DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback) *list.Element[DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback] {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	return m.callbacks.PushBack(callback)
+}
+
+func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback]) {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	m.callbacks.Remove(element)
+}
+
+func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) emit() {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	callbacks := m.callbacks.Array()
+	m.access.Unlock()
+	for _, callback := range callbacks {
+		err := callback()
+		if err != nil {
+			m.networkMonitor.NewError(context.Background(), err)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/monitor_windows.go b/monitor_windows.go
index bbf7edb..7d81742 100644
--- a/monitor_windows.go
+++ b/monitor_windows.go
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package tun
 
 import (
-	"context"
 	"sync"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun/internal/winipcfg"
@@ -26,30 +25,6 @@ func NewNetworkUpdateMonitor(errorHandler E.Handler) (NetworkUpdateMonitor, erro
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) RegisterCallback(callback NetworkUpdateCallback) *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback] {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	return m.callbacks.PushBack(callback)
-}
-
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) UnregisterCallback(element *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	m.callbacks.Remove(element)
-}
-
-func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) emit() {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	callbacks := m.callbacks.Array()
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	for _, callback := range callbacks {
-		err := callback()
-		if err != nil {
-			m.errorHandler.NewError(context.Background(), err)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) Start() error {
 	routeListener, err := winipcfg.RegisterRouteChangeCallback(func(notificationType winipcfg.MibNotificationType, route *winipcfg.MibIPforwardRow2) {
 		m.emit()
@@ -76,35 +51,6 @@ func (m *networkUpdateMonitor) Close() error {
 	)
 }
 
-type defaultInterfaceMonitor struct {
-	defaultInterfaceName  string
-	defaultInterfaceIndex int
-	networkMonitor        NetworkUpdateMonitor
-	element               *list.Element[NetworkUpdateCallback]
-	callback              DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback
-}
-
-func NewDefaultInterfaceMonitor(networkMonitor NetworkUpdateMonitor, callback DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback) (DefaultInterfaceMonitor, error) {
-	return &defaultInterfaceMonitor{
-		networkMonitor: networkMonitor,
-		callback:       callback,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) Start() error {
-	err := m.checkUpdate()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.element = m.networkMonitor.RegisterCallback(m.checkUpdate)
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) Close() error {
-	m.networkMonitor.UnregisterCallback(m.element)
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) checkUpdate() error {
 	rows, err := winipcfg.GetIPForwardTable2(windows.AF_INET)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -152,14 +98,6 @@ func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) checkUpdate() error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	m.callback()
+	m.emit()
 	return nil
 }
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) DefaultInterfaceName() string {
-	return m.defaultInterfaceName
-}
-
-func (m *defaultInterfaceMonitor) DefaultInterfaceIndex() int {
-	return m.defaultInterfaceIndex
-}