Add direct copy

common/bufio/cache.go

@@ -186,13 +186,16 @@ func (c *CachedPacketConn) ReadPacket(buffer *buf.Buffer) (destination M.Socksad
 	return c.PacketConn.ReadPacket(buffer)
 }
 
-func (c *CachedPacketConn) ReadCachedPacket() (destination M.Socksaddr, buffer *buf.Buffer) {
+func (c *CachedPacketConn) ReadCachedPacket() *N.PacketBuffer {
-	buffer = c.buffer
+	buffer := c.buffer
 	c.buffer = nil
 	if buffer != nil {
 		buffer.DecRef()
 	}
-	return c.destination, buffer
+	return &N.PacketBuffer{
+		Buffer:      buffer,
+		Destination: c.destination,
+	}
 }
 
 func (c *CachedPacketConn) Upstream() any {

common/bufio/conn.go

@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ func (w *ExtendedWriterWrapper) Upstream() any {
 	return w.Writer
 }
 
-func (w *ExtendedReaderWrapper) WriterReplaceable() bool {
+func (w *ExtendedWriterWrapper) WriterReplaceable() bool {
 	return true
 }
 

common/bufio/copy.go

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ package bufio
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"syscall"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
@@ -14,80 +16,65 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/task"
 )
 
-type readOnlyReader struct {
+func Copy(destination io.Writer, source io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
-	io.Reader
+	if source == nil {
-}
-
-func (r *readOnlyReader) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
-	return Copy(w, r.Reader)
-}
-
-func (r *readOnlyReader) Upstream() any {
-	return r.Reader
-}
-
-func (r *readOnlyReader) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-type writeOnlyWriter struct {
-	io.Writer
-}
-
-func (w *writeOnlyWriter) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
-	return Copy(w.Writer, r)
-}
-
-func (w *writeOnlyWriter) Upstream() any {
-	return w.Writer
-}
-
-func (w *writeOnlyWriter) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func needWrapper(src, dst any) bool {
-	_, srcTCPConn := src.(*net.TCPConn)
-	_, dstTCPConn := dst.(*net.TCPConn)
-	return (srcTCPConn || dstTCPConn) && !(srcTCPConn && dstTCPConn)
-}
-
-func Copy(dst io.Writer, src io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
-	if src == nil {
 		return 0, E.New("nil reader")
-	} else if dst == nil {
+	} else if destination == nil {
 		return 0, E.New("nil writer")
 	}
-	origDst := dst
+	originDestination := destination
-	src = N.UnwrapReader(src)
+	var readCounters, writeCounters []N.CountFunc
-	dst = N.UnwrapWriter(dst)
+	for {
-	if wt, ok := src.(io.WriterTo); ok {
+		source, readCounters = N.UnwrapCountReader(source, readCounters)
-		if needWrapper(dst, src) {
+		destination, writeCounters = N.UnwrapCountWriter(destination, writeCounters)
-			dst = &writeOnlyWriter{dst}
+		if cachedSrc, isCached := source.(N.CachedReader); isCached {
+			cachedBuffer := cachedSrc.ReadCached()
+			if cachedBuffer != nil {
+				if !cachedBuffer.IsEmpty() {
+					_, err = destination.Write(cachedBuffer.Bytes())
+					if err != nil {
+						cachedBuffer.Release()
+						return
+					}
+				}
+				cachedBuffer.Release()
+				continue
+			}
 		}
-		return wt.WriteTo(dst)
+		srcSyscallConn, srcIsSyscall := source.(syscall.Conn)
-	}
+		dstSyscallConn, dstIsSyscall := destination.(syscall.Conn)
-	if rt, ok := dst.(io.ReaderFrom); ok {
+		if srcIsSyscall && dstIsSyscall {
-		if needWrapper(rt, src) {
+			var handled bool
-			src = &readOnlyReader{src}
+			handled, n, err = CopyDirect(srcSyscallConn, dstSyscallConn, readCounters, writeCounters)
+			if handled {
+				return
+			}
 		}
-		return rt.ReadFrom(src)
+		break
 	}
-	return CopyExtended(origDst, NewExtendedWriter(dst), NewExtendedReader(src))
+	return CopyExtended(originDestination, NewExtendedWriter(destination), NewExtendedReader(source), readCounters, writeCounters)
 }
 
-func CopyExtended(origDst io.Writer, dst N.ExtendedWriter, src N.ExtendedReader) (n int64, err error) {
+func CopyExtended(originDestination io.Writer, destination N.ExtendedWriter, source N.ExtendedReader, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (n int64, err error) {
-	safeSrc := N.IsSafeReader(src)
+	safeSrc := N.IsSafeReader(source)
-	headroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(dst) + N.CalculateRearHeadroom(dst)
+	headroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(destination) + N.CalculateRearHeadroom(destination)
 	if safeSrc != nil {
 		if headroom == 0 {
-			return CopyExtendedWithSrcBuffer(origDst, dst, safeSrc)
+			return CopyExtendedWithSrcBuffer(originDestination, destination, safeSrc, readCounters, writeCounters)
 		}
 	}
-	if N.IsUnsafeWriter(dst) {
+	readWaiter, isReadWaiter := CreateReadWaiter(source)
-		return CopyExtendedWithPool(origDst, dst, src)
+	if isReadWaiter {
+		var handled bool
+		handled, n, err = copyWaitWithPool(originDestination, destination, readWaiter, readCounters, writeCounters)
+		if handled {
+			return
+		}
 	}
-	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(src, dst)
+	if N.IsUnsafeWriter(destination) {
+		return CopyExtendedWithPool(originDestination, destination, source, readCounters, writeCounters)
+	}
+	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(source, destination)
 	if bufferSize > 0 {
 		bufferSize += headroom
 	} else {
@@ -97,63 +84,83 @@ func CopyExtended(origDst io.Writer, dst N.ExtendedWriter, src N.ExtendedReader)
 	defer common.KeepAlive(_buffer)
 	buffer := common.Dup(_buffer)
 	defer buffer.Release()
-	return CopyExtendedBuffer(origDst, dst, src, buffer)
+	return CopyExtendedBuffer(originDestination, destination, source, buffer, readCounters, writeCounters)
 }
 
-func CopyExtendedBuffer(origDst io.Writer, dst N.ExtendedWriter, src N.ExtendedReader, buffer *buf.Buffer) (n int64, err error) {
+func CopyExtendedBuffer(originDestination io.Writer, destination N.ExtendedWriter, source N.ExtendedReader, buffer *buf.Buffer, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (n int64, err error) {
 	buffer.IncRef()
 	defer buffer.DecRef()
-	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(dst)
+	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(destination)
-	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(dst)
+	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(destination)
 	readBufferRaw := buffer.Slice()
 	readBuffer := buf.With(readBufferRaw[:len(readBufferRaw)-rearHeadroom])
 	var notFirstTime bool
 	for {
 		readBuffer.Resize(frontHeadroom, 0)
-		err = src.ReadBuffer(readBuffer)
+		err = source.ReadBuffer(readBuffer)
 		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				err = nil
+				return
+			}
 			if !notFirstTime {
-				err = N.HandshakeFailure(origDst, err)
+				err = N.HandshakeFailure(originDestination, err)
 			}
 			return
 		}
 		dataLen := readBuffer.Len()
 		buffer.Resize(readBuffer.Start(), dataLen)
-		err = dst.WriteBuffer(buffer)
+		err = destination.WriteBuffer(buffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 		n += int64(dataLen)
+		for _, counter := range readCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
 		notFirstTime = true
 	}
 }
 
-func CopyExtendedWithSrcBuffer(origDst io.Writer, dst N.ExtendedWriter, src N.ThreadSafeReader) (n int64, err error) {
+func CopyExtendedWithSrcBuffer(originDestination io.Writer, destination N.ExtendedWriter, source N.ThreadSafeReader, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (n int64, err error) {
 	var notFirstTime bool
 	for {
 		var buffer *buf.Buffer
-		buffer, err = src.ReadBufferThreadSafe()
+		buffer, err = source.ReadBufferThreadSafe()
 		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				err = nil
+				return
+			}
 			if !notFirstTime {
-				err = N.HandshakeFailure(origDst, err)
+				err = N.HandshakeFailure(originDestination, err)
 			}
 			return
 		}
 		dataLen := buffer.Len()
-		err = dst.WriteBuffer(buffer)
+		err = destination.WriteBuffer(buffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			buffer.Release()
 			return
 		}
 		n += int64(dataLen)
+		for _, counter := range readCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
 		notFirstTime = true
 	}
 }
 
-func CopyExtendedWithPool(origDst io.Writer, dst N.ExtendedWriter, src N.ExtendedReader) (n int64, err error) {
+func CopyExtendedWithPool(originDestination io.Writer, destination N.ExtendedWriter, source N.ExtendedReader, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (n int64, err error) {
-	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(dst)
+	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(destination)
-	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(dst)
+	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(destination)
-	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(src, dst)
+	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(source, destination)
 	if bufferSize > 0 {
 		bufferSize += frontHeadroom + rearHeadroom
 	} else {
@@ -165,86 +172,129 @@ func CopyExtendedWithPool(origDst io.Writer, dst N.ExtendedWriter, src N.Extende
 		readBufferRaw := buffer.Slice()
 		readBuffer := buf.With(readBufferRaw[:len(readBufferRaw)-rearHeadroom])
 		readBuffer.Resize(frontHeadroom, 0)
-		err = src.ReadBuffer(readBuffer)
+		err = source.ReadBuffer(readBuffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			buffer.Release()
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				err = nil
+				return
+			}
 			if !notFirstTime {
-				err = N.HandshakeFailure(origDst, err)
+				err = N.HandshakeFailure(originDestination, err)
 			}
 			return
 		}
 		dataLen := readBuffer.Len()
 		buffer.Resize(readBuffer.Start(), dataLen)
-		err = dst.WriteBuffer(buffer)
+		err = destination.WriteBuffer(buffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			buffer.Release()
 			return
 		}
 		n += int64(dataLen)
+		for _, counter := range readCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
 		notFirstTime = true
 	}
 }
 
-func CopyConn(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, dest net.Conn) error {
+func CopyConn(ctx context.Context, source net.Conn, destination net.Conn) error {
-	return CopyConnContextList([]context.Context{ctx}, conn, dest)
+	return CopyConnContextList([]context.Context{ctx}, source, destination)
 }
 
-func CopyConnContextList(contextList []context.Context, conn net.Conn, dest net.Conn) error {
+func CopyConnContextList(contextList []context.Context, source net.Conn, destination net.Conn) error {
 	var group task.Group
-	if _, dstDuplex := common.Cast[rw.WriteCloser](dest); dstDuplex {
+	if _, dstDuplex := common.Cast[rw.WriteCloser](destination); dstDuplex {
 		group.Append("upload", func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			err := common.Error(Copy(dest, conn))
+			err := common.Error(Copy(destination, source))
-			if E.IsMulti(err, io.EOF) {
+			if err == nil {
-				rw.CloseWrite(dest)
+				rw.CloseWrite(destination)
 			} else {
-				common.Close(dest)
+				common.Close(destination)
 			}
 			return err
 		})
 	} else {
 		group.Append("upload", func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			defer common.Close(dest)
+			defer common.Close(destination)
-			return common.Error(Copy(dest, conn))
+			return common.Error(Copy(destination, source))
 		})
 	}
-	if _, srcDuplex := common.Cast[rw.WriteCloser](conn); srcDuplex {
+	if _, srcDuplex := common.Cast[rw.WriteCloser](source); srcDuplex {
 		group.Append("download", func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			err := common.Error(Copy(conn, dest))
+			err := common.Error(Copy(source, destination))
-			if E.IsMulti(err, io.EOF) {
+			if err == nil {
-				rw.CloseWrite(conn)
+				rw.CloseWrite(source)
 			} else {
-				common.Close(conn)
+				common.Close(source)
 			}
 			return err
 		})
 	} else {
 		group.Append("download", func(ctx context.Context) error {
-			defer common.Close(conn)
+			defer common.Close(source)
-			return common.Error(Copy(conn, dest))
+			return common.Error(Copy(source, destination))
 		})
 	}
 	group.Cleanup(func() {
-		common.Close(conn, dest)
+		common.Close(source, destination)
 	})
 	return group.RunContextList(contextList)
 }
 
-func CopyPacket(dst N.PacketWriter, src N.PacketReader) (n int64, err error) {
+func CopyPacket(destinationConn N.PacketWriter, source N.PacketReader) (n int64, err error) {
-	src = N.UnwrapPacketReader(src)
+	var readCounters, writeCounters []N.CountFunc
-	dst = N.UnwrapPacketWriter(dst)
+	var cachedPackets []*N.PacketBuffer
-	safeSrc := N.IsSafePacketReader(src)
+	for {
-	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(dst)
+		source, readCounters = N.UnwrapCountPacketReader(source, readCounters)
-	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(dst)
+		destinationConn, writeCounters = N.UnwrapCountPacketWriter(destinationConn, writeCounters)
+		if cachedReader, isCached := source.(N.CachedPacketReader); isCached {
+			packet := cachedReader.ReadCachedPacket()
+			if packet != nil {
+				cachedPackets = append([]*N.PacketBuffer{packet}, cachedPackets...)
+				continue
+			}
+		}
+		break
+	}
+	if cachedPackets != nil {
+		n, err = WritePacketWithPool(destinationConn, cachedPackets)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	safeSrc := N.IsSafePacketReader(source)
+	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(destinationConn)
+	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(destinationConn)
 	headroom := frontHeadroom + rearHeadroom
 	if safeSrc != nil {
 		if headroom == 0 {
-			return CopyPacketWithSrcBuffer(dst, safeSrc)
+			var copyN int64
+			copyN, err = CopyPacketWithSrcBuffer(destinationConn, safeSrc, readCounters, writeCounters)
+			n += copyN
+			return
 		}
 	}
-	if N.IsUnsafeWriter(dst) {
+	readWaiter, isReadWaiter := CreatePacketReadWaiter(source)
-		return CopyPacketWithPool(dst, src)
+	if isReadWaiter {
+		var (
+			handled bool
+			copeN   int64
+		)
+		handled, copeN, err = copyPacketWaitWithPool(destinationConn, readWaiter, readCounters, writeCounters)
+		if handled {
+			n += copeN
+			return
+		}
 	}
-	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(src, dst)
+	if N.IsUnsafeWriter(destinationConn) {
+		return CopyPacketWithPool(destinationConn, source, readCounters, writeCounters)
+	}
+	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(source, destinationConn)
 	if bufferSize > 0 {
 		bufferSize += headroom
 	} else {
@@ -262,51 +312,66 @@ func CopyPacket(dst N.PacketWriter, src N.PacketReader) (n int64, err error) {
 	readBuffer := buf.With(readBufferRaw[:len(readBufferRaw)-rearHeadroom])
 	for {
 		readBuffer.Resize(frontHeadroom, 0)
-		destination, err = src.ReadPacket(readBuffer)
+		destination, err = source.ReadPacket(readBuffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			if !notFirstTime {
-				err = N.HandshakeFailure(dst, err)
+				err = N.HandshakeFailure(destinationConn, err)
 			}
 			return
 		}
 		dataLen := readBuffer.Len()
 		buffer.Resize(readBuffer.Start(), dataLen)
-		err = dst.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
+		err = destinationConn.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
 		n += int64(dataLen)
+		for _, counter := range readCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
 		notFirstTime = true
 	}
 }
 
-func CopyPacketWithSrcBuffer(dst N.PacketWriter, src N.ThreadSafePacketReader) (n int64, err error) {
+func CopyPacketWithSrcBuffer(destinationConn N.PacketWriter, source N.ThreadSafePacketReader, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (n int64, err error) {
 	var buffer *buf.Buffer
 	var destination M.Socksaddr
 	var notFirstTime bool
 	for {
-		buffer, destination, err = src.ReadPacketThreadSafe()
+		buffer, destination, err = source.ReadPacketThreadSafe()
 		if err != nil {
 			if !notFirstTime {
-				err = N.HandshakeFailure(dst, err)
+				err = N.HandshakeFailure(destinationConn, err)
 			}
 			return
 		}
 		dataLen := buffer.Len()
-		err = dst.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
+		if dataLen == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		err = destinationConn.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
 		if err != nil {
 			buffer.Release()
 			return
 		}
 		n += int64(dataLen)
+		for _, counter := range readCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
 		notFirstTime = true
 	}
 }
 
-func CopyPacketWithPool(dst N.PacketWriter, src N.PacketReader) (n int64, err error) {
+func CopyPacketWithPool(destinationConn N.PacketWriter, source N.PacketReader, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (n int64, err error) {
-	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(dst)
+	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(destinationConn)
-	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(dst)
+	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(destinationConn)
-	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(src, dst)
+	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(source, destinationConn)
 	if bufferSize > 0 {
 		bufferSize += frontHeadroom + rearHeadroom
 	} else {
@@ -319,40 +384,72 @@ func CopyPacketWithPool(dst N.PacketWriter, src N.PacketReader) (n int64, err er
 		readBufferRaw := buffer.Slice()
 		readBuffer := buf.With(readBufferRaw[:len(readBufferRaw)-rearHeadroom])
 		readBuffer.Resize(frontHeadroom, 0)
-		destination, err = src.ReadPacket(readBuffer)
+		destination, err = source.ReadPacket(readBuffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			buffer.Release()
 			if !notFirstTime {
-				err = N.HandshakeFailure(dst, err)
+				err = N.HandshakeFailure(destinationConn, err)
 			}
 			return
 		}
 		dataLen := readBuffer.Len()
 		buffer.Resize(readBuffer.Start(), dataLen)
-		err = dst.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
+		err = destinationConn.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
 		if err != nil {
 			buffer.Release()
 			return
 		}
 		n += int64(dataLen)
+		for _, counter := range readCounters {
+			counter(n)
+		}
+		for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+			counter(n)
+		}
 		notFirstTime = true
 	}
 }
 
-func CopyPacketConn(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, dest N.PacketConn) error {
+func WritePacketWithPool(destinationConn N.PacketWriter, packetBuffers []*N.PacketBuffer) (n int64, err error) {
-	return CopyPacketConnContextList([]context.Context{ctx}, conn, dest)
+	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(destinationConn)
+	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(destinationConn)
+	var destination M.Socksaddr
+	for _, packetBuffer := range packetBuffers {
+		buffer := buf.NewPacket()
+		readBufferRaw := buffer.Slice()
+		readBuffer := buf.With(readBufferRaw[:len(readBufferRaw)-rearHeadroom])
+		readBuffer.Resize(frontHeadroom, 0)
+		_, err = readBuffer.Write(packetBuffer.Buffer.Bytes())
+		packetBuffer.Buffer.Release()
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		dataLen := readBuffer.Len()
+		buffer.Resize(readBuffer.Start(), dataLen)
+		err = destinationConn.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
+		if err != nil {
+			buffer.Release()
+			return
+		}
+		n += int64(dataLen)
+	}
+	return
 }
 
-func CopyPacketConnContextList(contextList []context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, dest N.PacketConn) error {
+func CopyPacketConn(ctx context.Context, source N.PacketConn, destination N.PacketConn) error {
+	return CopyPacketConnContextList([]context.Context{ctx}, source, destination)
+}
+
+func CopyPacketConnContextList(contextList []context.Context, source N.PacketConn, destination N.PacketConn) error {
 	var group task.Group
 	group.Append("upload", func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return common.Error(CopyPacket(dest, conn))
+		return common.Error(CopyPacket(destination, source))
 	})
 	group.Append("download", func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		return common.Error(CopyPacket(conn, dest))
+		return common.Error(CopyPacket(source, destination))
 	})
 	group.Cleanup(func() {
-		common.Close(conn, dest)
+		common.Close(source, destination)
 	})
 	group.FastFail()
 	return group.RunContextList(contextList)

common/bufio/copy_direct.go

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package bufio
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func CopyDirect(source syscall.Conn, destination syscall.Conn, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (handed bool, n int64, err error) {
+	rawSource, err := source.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	rawDestination, err := destination.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	handed, n, err = splice(rawSource, rawDestination, readCounters, writeCounters)
+	return
+}

common/bufio/copy_direct_posix.go

@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+//go:build !windows
+
+package bufio
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net/netip"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func copyWaitWithPool(originDestination io.Writer, destination N.ExtendedWriter, source N.ReadWaiter, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (handled bool, n int64, err error) {
+	handled = true
+	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(destination)
+	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(destination)
+	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(source, destination)
+	if bufferSize > 0 {
+		bufferSize += frontHeadroom + rearHeadroom
+	} else {
+		bufferSize = buf.BufferSize
+	}
+	var (
+		buffer     *buf.Buffer
+		readBuffer *buf.Buffer
+	)
+	newBuffer := func() *buf.Buffer {
+		if buffer != nil {
+			buffer.Release()
+		}
+		buffer = buf.NewSize(bufferSize)
+		readBufferRaw := buffer.Slice()
+		readBuffer = buf.With(readBufferRaw[:len(readBufferRaw)-rearHeadroom])
+		readBuffer.Resize(frontHeadroom, 0)
+		return readBuffer
+	}
+	var notFirstTime bool
+	for {
+		err = source.WaitReadBuffer(newBuffer)
+		if err != nil {
+			buffer.Release()
+			if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
+				err = nil
+				return
+			}
+			if !notFirstTime {
+				err = N.HandshakeFailure(originDestination, err)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		dataLen := readBuffer.Len()
+		buffer.Resize(readBuffer.Start(), dataLen)
+		err = destination.WriteBuffer(buffer)
+		if err != nil {
+			if buffer != nil {
+				buffer.Release()
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		n += int64(dataLen)
+		for _, counter := range readCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		notFirstTime = true
+	}
+}
+
+func copyPacketWaitWithPool(destinationConn N.PacketWriter, source N.PacketReadWaiter, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (handled bool, n int64, err error) {
+	handled = true
+	frontHeadroom := N.CalculateFrontHeadroom(destinationConn)
+	rearHeadroom := N.CalculateRearHeadroom(destinationConn)
+	bufferSize := N.CalculateMTU(source, destinationConn)
+	if bufferSize > 0 {
+		bufferSize += frontHeadroom + rearHeadroom
+	} else {
+		bufferSize = buf.UDPBufferSize
+	}
+	var (
+		buffer     *buf.Buffer
+		readBuffer *buf.Buffer
+	)
+	newBuffer := func() *buf.Buffer {
+		if buffer != nil {
+			buffer.Release()
+		}
+		buffer = buf.NewSize(bufferSize)
+		readBufferRaw := buffer.Slice()
+		readBuffer = buf.With(readBufferRaw[:len(readBufferRaw)-rearHeadroom])
+		readBuffer.Resize(frontHeadroom, 0)
+		return readBuffer
+	}
+	var destination M.Socksaddr
+	var notFirstTime bool
+	for {
+		destination, err = source.WaitReadPacket(newBuffer)
+		if err != nil {
+			buffer.Release()
+			if !notFirstTime {
+				err = N.HandshakeFailure(destinationConn, err)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		dataLen := readBuffer.Len()
+		buffer.Resize(readBuffer.Start(), dataLen)
+		err = destinationConn.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
+		if err != nil {
+			buffer.Release()
+			return
+		}
+		n += int64(dataLen)
+		for _, counter := range readCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+			counter(int64(dataLen))
+		}
+		notFirstTime = true
+	}
+}
+
+type syscallReadWaiter struct {
+	rawConn  syscall.RawConn
+	readErr  error
+	readFunc func(fd uintptr) (done bool)
+}
+
+func createSyscallReadWaiter(reader any) (*syscallReadWaiter, bool) {
+	if syscallConn, isSyscallConn := reader.(syscall.Conn); isSyscallConn {
+		rawConn, err := syscallConn.SyscallConn()
+		if err == nil {
+			return &syscallReadWaiter{rawConn: rawConn}, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func (w *syscallReadWaiter) WaitReadBuffer(newBuffer func() *buf.Buffer) error {
+	if w.readFunc == nil {
+		w.readFunc = func(fd uintptr) (done bool) {
+			buffer := newBuffer()
+			var readN int
+			readN, w.readErr = syscall.Read(int(fd), buffer.FreeBytes())
+			if readN > 0 {
+				buffer.Truncate(readN)
+			} else {
+				buffer.Release()
+				buffer = nil
+			}
+			if w.readErr == syscall.EAGAIN {
+				return false
+			}
+			if readN == 0 {
+				w.readErr = io.EOF
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	err := w.rawConn.Read(w.readFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if w.readErr != nil {
+		return E.Cause(w.readErr, "raw read")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type syscallPacketReadWaiter struct {
+	rawConn  syscall.RawConn
+	readErr  error
+	readFrom M.Socksaddr
+	readFunc func(fd uintptr) (done bool)
+}
+
+func createSyscallPacketReadWaiter(reader any) (*syscallPacketReadWaiter, bool) {
+	if syscallConn, isSyscallConn := reader.(syscall.Conn); isSyscallConn {
+		rawConn, err := syscallConn.SyscallConn()
+		if err == nil {
+			return &syscallPacketReadWaiter{rawConn: rawConn}, true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func (w *syscallPacketReadWaiter) WaitReadPacket(newBuffer func() *buf.Buffer) (destination M.Socksaddr, err error) {
+	if w.readFunc == nil {
+		w.readFunc = func(fd uintptr) (done bool) {
+			buffer := newBuffer()
+			var readN int
+			var from syscall.Sockaddr
+			readN, _, _, from, w.readErr = syscall.Recvmsg(int(fd), buffer.FreeBytes(), nil, 0)
+			if readN > 0 {
+				buffer.Truncate(readN)
+			} else {
+				buffer.Release()
+				buffer = nil
+			}
+			if w.readErr == syscall.EAGAIN {
+				return false
+			}
+			if from != nil {
+				switch fromAddr := from.(type) {
+				case *syscall.SockaddrInet4:
+					w.readFrom = M.SocksaddrFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(fromAddr.Addr), uint16(fromAddr.Port))
+				case *syscall.SockaddrInet6:
+					w.readFrom = M.SocksaddrFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(fromAddr.Addr), uint16(fromAddr.Port))
+				}
+			}
+			if readN == 0 {
+				w.readErr = io.EOF
+			}
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	err = w.rawConn.Read(w.readFunc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	if w.readErr != nil {
+		err = E.Cause(w.readErr, "raw read")
+		return
+	}
+	destination = w.readFrom
+	return
+}

common/bufio/copy_direct_windows.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package bufio
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func copyWaitWithPool(originDestination io.Writer, destination N.ExtendedWriter, source N.ReadWaiter, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (handled bool, n int64, err error) {
+	return
+}
+
+func copyPacketWaitWithPool(destinationConn N.PacketWriter, source N.PacketReadWaiter, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (handled bool, n int64, err error) {
+	return
+}
+
+func createSyscallReadWaiter(reader any) (N.ReadWaiter, bool) {
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func createSyscallPacketReadWaiter(reader any) (N.PacketReadWaiter, bool) {
+	return nil, false
+}

common/bufio/counter_conn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package bufio
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func NewInt64CounterConn(conn net.Conn, readCounter []*atomic.Int64, writeCounter []*atomic.Int64) *CounterConn {
+	return &CounterConn{
+		NewExtendedConn(conn),
+		common.Map(readCounter, func(it *atomic.Int64) N.CountFunc {
+			return func(n int64) {
+				it.Add(n)
+			}
+		}),
+		common.Map(writeCounter, func(it *atomic.Int64) N.CountFunc {
+			return func(n int64) {
+				it.Add(n)
+			}
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+func NewCounterConn(conn net.Conn, readCounter []N.CountFunc, writeCounter []N.CountFunc) *CounterConn {
+	return &CounterConn{NewExtendedConn(conn), readCounter, writeCounter}
+}
+
+type CounterConn struct {
+	N.ExtendedConn
+	readCounter  []N.CountFunc
+	writeCounter []N.CountFunc
+}
+
+func (c *CounterConn) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = c.ExtendedConn.Read(p)
+	if n > 0 {
+		for _, counter := range c.readCounter {
+			counter(int64(n))
+		}
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+func (c *CounterConn) ReadBuffer(buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
+	err := c.ExtendedConn.ReadBuffer(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if buffer.Len() > 0 {
+		for _, counter := range c.readCounter {
+			counter(int64(buffer.Len()))
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *CounterConn) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = c.ExtendedConn.Write(p)
+	if n > 0 {
+		for _, counter := range c.writeCounter {
+			counter(int64(n))
+		}
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+func (c *CounterConn) WriteBuffer(buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
+	dataLen := int64(buffer.Len())
+	err := c.ExtendedConn.WriteBuffer(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if dataLen > 0 {
+		for _, counter := range c.writeCounter {
+			counter(dataLen)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *CounterConn) UnwrapReader() (io.Reader, []N.CountFunc) {
+	return c.ExtendedConn, c.readCounter
+}
+
+func (c *CounterConn) UnwrapWriter() (io.Writer, []N.CountFunc) {
+	return c.ExtendedConn, c.writeCounter
+}
+
+func (c *CounterConn) Upstream() any {
+	return c.ExtendedConn
+}

common/bufio/counter_packet_conn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package bufio
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/atomic"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+type CounterPacketConn struct {
+	N.PacketConn
+	readCounter  []N.CountFunc
+	writeCounter []N.CountFunc
+}
+
+func NewInt64CounterPacketConn(conn N.PacketConn, readCounter []*atomic.Int64, writeCounter []*atomic.Int64) *CounterPacketConn {
+	return &CounterPacketConn{
+		conn,
+		common.Map(readCounter, func(it *atomic.Int64) N.CountFunc {
+			return func(n int64) {
+				it.Add(n)
+			}
+		}),
+		common.Map(writeCounter, func(it *atomic.Int64) N.CountFunc {
+			return func(n int64) {
+				it.Add(n)
+			}
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+func NewCounterPacketConn(conn N.PacketConn, readCounter []N.CountFunc, writeCounter []N.CountFunc) *CounterPacketConn {
+	return &CounterPacketConn{conn, readCounter, writeCounter}
+}
+
+func (c *CounterPacketConn) ReadPacket(buffer *buf.Buffer) (destination M.Socksaddr, err error) {
+	destination, err = c.PacketConn.ReadPacket(buffer)
+	if err == nil {
+		if buffer.Len() > 0 {
+			for _, counter := range c.readCounter {
+				counter(int64(buffer.Len()))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+func (c *CounterPacketConn) WritePacket(buffer *buf.Buffer, destination M.Socksaddr) error {
+	dataLen := int64(buffer.Len())
+	err := c.PacketConn.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if dataLen > 0 {
+		for _, counter := range c.writeCounter {
+			counter(dataLen)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *CounterPacketConn) UnwrapPacketReader() (N.PacketReader, []N.CountFunc) {
+	return c.PacketConn, c.readCounter
+}
+
+func (c *CounterPacketConn) UnwrapPacketWriter() (N.PacketWriter, []N.CountFunc) {
+	return c.PacketConn, c.writeCounter
+}
+
+func (c *CounterPacketConn) Upstream() any {
+	return c.PacketConn
+}

common/bufio/splice_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package bufio
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+const maxSpliceSize = 1 << 20
+
+func splice(source syscall.RawConn, destination syscall.RawConn, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (handed bool, n int64, err error) {
+	handed = true
+	var pipeFDs [2]int
+	err = unix.Pipe2(pipeFDs[:], syscall.O_CLOEXEC|syscall.O_NONBLOCK)
+	if err != nil {
+		return
+	}
+	defer unix.Close(pipeFDs[0])
+	defer unix.Close(pipeFDs[1])
+
+	_, _ = unix.FcntlInt(uintptr(pipeFDs[0]), unix.F_SETPIPE_SZ, maxSpliceSize)
+	var readN int
+	var readErr error
+	var writeErr error
+	readFunc := func(fd uintptr) (done bool) {
+		p0, p1 := unix.Splice(int(fd), nil, pipeFDs[1], nil, maxSpliceSize, unix.SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK)
+		readN = int(p0)
+		readErr = p1
+		return readErr != unix.EAGAIN
+	}
+	writeFunc := func(fd uintptr) (done bool) {
+		var writeN int
+		size := readN
+		for size > 0 {
+			p0, p1 := unix.Splice(pipeFDs[0], nil, int(fd), nil, size, unix.SPLICE_F_NONBLOCK|unix.SPLICE_F_MOVE)
+			writeN = int(p0)
+			writeErr = p1
+			if writeErr != nil {
+				return writeErr != unix.EAGAIN
+			}
+			size -= int(writeN)
+		}
+		return true
+	}
+	for {
+		err = source.Read(readFunc)
+		if err != nil {
+			readErr = err
+		}
+		if readErr != nil {
+			if readErr == unix.EINVAL || readErr == unix.ENOSYS {
+				handed = false
+				return
+			}
+			err = E.Cause(readErr, "splice read")
+			return
+		}
+		if readN == 0 {
+			return
+		}
+		err = destination.Write(writeFunc)
+		if err != nil {
+			writeErr = err
+		}
+		if writeErr != nil {
+			err = E.Cause(writeErr, "splice write")
+			return
+		}
+		for _, readCounter := range readCounters {
+			readCounter(int64(readN))
+		}
+		for _, writeCounter := range writeCounters {
+			writeCounter(int64(readN))
+		}
+	}
+}

common/bufio/splice_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package bufio
+
+import (
+	"syscall"
+
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func splice(source syscall.RawConn, destination syscall.RawConn, readCounters []N.CountFunc, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (handed bool, n int64, err error) {
+	return
+}

common/bufio/wait.go

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+package bufio
+
+import (
+	"io"
+
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func CreateReadWaiter(reader io.Reader) (N.ReadWaiter, bool) {
+	reader = N.UnwrapReader(reader)
+	if readWaiter, isReadWaiter := reader.(N.ReadWaiter); isReadWaiter {
+		return readWaiter, true
+	}
+	if readWaitCreator, isCreator := reader.(N.ReadWaitCreator); isCreator {
+		return readWaitCreator.CreateReadWaiter()
+	}
+	if readWaiter, created := createSyscallReadWaiter(reader); created {
+		return readWaiter, true
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func CreatePacketReadWaiter(reader N.PacketReader) (N.PacketReadWaiter, bool) {
+	reader = N.UnwrapPacketReader(reader)
+	if readWaiter, isReadWaiter := reader.(N.PacketReadWaiter); isReadWaiter {
+		return readWaiter, true
+	}
+	if readWaitCreator, isCreator := reader.(N.PacketReadWaitCreator); isCreator {
+		return readWaitCreator.CreateReadWaiter()
+	}
+	if readWaiter, created := createSyscallPacketReadWaiter(reader); created {
+		return readWaiter, true
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}

common/network/conn.go

@@ -89,7 +89,12 @@ type CachedReader interface {
 }
 
 type CachedPacketReader interface {
-	ReadCachedPacket() (destination M.Socksaddr, buffer *buf.Buffer)
+	ReadCachedPacket() *PacketBuffer
+}
+
+type PacketBuffer struct {
+	Buffer      *buf.Buffer
+	Destination M.Socksaddr
 }
 
 type WithUpstreamReader interface {
@@ -118,7 +123,7 @@ func UnwrapReader(reader io.Reader) io.Reader {
 	if u, ok := reader.(common.WithUpstream); ok {
 		return UnwrapReader(u.Upstream().(io.Reader))
 	}
-	panic("bad reader")
+	return reader
 }
 
 func UnwrapPacketReader(reader PacketReader) PacketReader {
@@ -131,7 +136,7 @@ func UnwrapPacketReader(reader PacketReader) PacketReader {
 	if u, ok := reader.(common.WithUpstream); ok {
 		return UnwrapPacketReader(u.Upstream().(PacketReader))
 	}
-	panic("bad reader")
+	return reader
 }
 
 func UnwrapWriter(writer io.Writer) io.Writer {
@@ -144,7 +149,7 @@ func UnwrapWriter(writer io.Writer) io.Writer {
 	if u, ok := writer.(common.WithUpstream); ok {
 		return UnwrapWriter(u.Upstream().(io.Writer))
 	}
-	panic("bad writer")
+	return writer
 }
 
 func UnwrapPacketWriter(writer PacketWriter) PacketWriter {
@@ -157,5 +162,5 @@ func UnwrapPacketWriter(writer PacketWriter) PacketWriter {
 	if u, ok := writer.(common.WithUpstream); ok {
 		return UnwrapPacketWriter(u.Upstream().(PacketWriter))
 	}
-	panic("bad writer")
+	return writer
 }

common/network/counter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package network
+
+import (
+	"io"
+)
+
+type CountFunc func(n int64)
+
+type ReadCounter interface {
+	io.Reader
+	UnwrapReader() (io.Reader, []CountFunc)
+}
+
+type WriteCounter interface {
+	io.Writer
+	UnwrapWriter() (io.Writer, []CountFunc)
+}
+
+type PacketReadCounter interface {
+	PacketReader
+	UnwrapPacketReader() (PacketReader, []CountFunc)
+}
+
+type PacketWriteCounter interface {
+	PacketWriter
+	UnwrapPacketWriter() (PacketWriter, []CountFunc)
+}
+
+func UnwrapCountReader(reader io.Reader, countFunc []CountFunc) (io.Reader, []CountFunc) {
+	reader = UnwrapReader(reader)
+	if counter, isCounter := reader.(ReadCounter); isCounter {
+		upstreamReader, upstreamCountFunc := counter.UnwrapReader()
+		countFunc = append(countFunc, upstreamCountFunc...)
+		return UnwrapCountReader(upstreamReader, countFunc)
+	}
+	return reader, countFunc
+}
+
+func UnwrapCountWriter(writer io.Writer, countFunc []CountFunc) (io.Writer, []CountFunc) {
+	writer = UnwrapWriter(writer)
+	if counter, isCounter := writer.(WriteCounter); isCounter {
+		upstreamWriter, upstreamCountFunc := counter.UnwrapWriter()
+		countFunc = append(countFunc, upstreamCountFunc...)
+		return UnwrapCountWriter(upstreamWriter, countFunc)
+	}
+	return writer, countFunc
+}
+
+func UnwrapCountPacketReader(reader PacketReader, countFunc []CountFunc) (PacketReader, []CountFunc) {
+	reader = UnwrapPacketReader(reader)
+	if counter, isCounter := reader.(PacketReadCounter); isCounter {
+		upstreamReader, upstreamCountFunc := counter.UnwrapPacketReader()
+		countFunc = append(countFunc, upstreamCountFunc...)
+		return UnwrapCountPacketReader(upstreamReader, countFunc)
+	}
+	return reader, countFunc
+}
+
+func UnwrapCountPacketWriter(writer PacketWriter, countFunc []CountFunc) (PacketWriter, []CountFunc) {
+	writer = UnwrapPacketWriter(writer)
+	if counter, isCounter := writer.(PacketWriteCounter); isCounter {
+		upstreamWriter, upstreamCountFunc := counter.UnwrapPacketWriter()
+		countFunc = append(countFunc, upstreamCountFunc...)
+		return UnwrapCountPacketWriter(upstreamWriter, countFunc)
+	}
+	return writer, countFunc
+}

common/network/direct.go

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+package network
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+)
+
+type ReadWaiter interface {
+	WaitReadBuffer(newBuffer func() *buf.Buffer) error
+}
+
+type ReadWaitCreator interface {
+	CreateReadWaiter() (ReadWaiter, bool)
+}
+
+type PacketReadWaiter interface {
+	WaitReadPacket(newBuffer func() *buf.Buffer) (destination M.Socksaddr, err error)
+}
+
+type PacketReadWaitCreator interface {
+	CreateReadWaiter() (PacketReadWaiter, bool)
+}

common/udpnat/service.go

@@ -136,6 +136,17 @@ func (c *conn) ReadPacket(buffer *buf.Buffer) (addr M.Socksaddr, err error) {
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *conn) WaitReadPacket(newBuffer func() *buf.Buffer) (destination M.Socksaddr, err error) {
+	select {
+	case p := <-c.data:
+		_, err = newBuffer().ReadOnceFrom(p.data)
+		p.data.Release()
+		return p.destination, err
+	case <-c.ctx.Done():
+		return M.Socksaddr{}, io.ErrClosedPipe
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *conn) WritePacket(buffer *buf.Buffer, destination M.Socksaddr) error {
 	return c.source.WritePacket(buffer, destination)
 }