diff --git a/common/binary/README.md b/common/binary/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..4b82a6a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/binary/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+# binary
+
+mod from go 1.22.3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/common/binary/binary.go b/common/binary/binary.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..41558ab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/binary/binary.go
@@ -0,0 +1,817 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+// Package binary implements simple translation between numbers and byte
+// sequences and encoding and decoding of varints.
+//
+// Numbers are translated by reading and writing fixed-size values.
+// A fixed-size value is either a fixed-size arithmetic
+// type (bool, int8, uint8, int16, float32, complex64, ...)
+// or an array or struct containing only fixed-size values.
+//
+// The varint functions encode and decode single integer values using
+// a variable-length encoding; smaller values require fewer bytes.
+// For a specification, see
+// https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/encoding.
+//
+// This package favors simplicity over efficiency. Clients that require
+// high-performance serialization, especially for large data structures,
+// should look at more advanced solutions such as the [encoding/gob]
+// package or [google.golang.org/protobuf] for protocol buffers.
+package binary
+
+import (
+ "errors"
+ "io"
+ "math"
+ "reflect"
+ "sync"
+)
+
+// A ByteOrder specifies how to convert byte slices into
+// 16-, 32-, or 64-bit unsigned integers.
+//
+// It is implemented by [LittleEndian], [BigEndian], and [NativeEndian].
+type ByteOrder interface {
+ Uint16([]byte) uint16
+ Uint32([]byte) uint32
+ Uint64([]byte) uint64
+ PutUint16([]byte, uint16)
+ PutUint32([]byte, uint32)
+ PutUint64([]byte, uint64)
+ String() string
+}
+
+// AppendByteOrder specifies how to append 16-, 32-, or 64-bit unsigned integers
+// into a byte slice.
+//
+// It is implemented by [LittleEndian], [BigEndian], and [NativeEndian].
+type AppendByteOrder interface {
+ AppendUint16([]byte, uint16) []byte
+ AppendUint32([]byte, uint32) []byte
+ AppendUint64([]byte, uint64) []byte
+ String() string
+}
+
+// LittleEndian is the little-endian implementation of [ByteOrder] and [AppendByteOrder].
+var LittleEndian littleEndian
+
+// BigEndian is the big-endian implementation of [ByteOrder] and [AppendByteOrder].
+var BigEndian bigEndian
+
+type littleEndian struct{}
+
+func (littleEndian) Uint16(b []byte) uint16 {
+ _ = b[1] // bounds check hint to compiler; see golang.org/issue/14808
+ return uint16(b[0]) | uint16(b[1])<<8
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) PutUint16(b []byte, v uint16) {
+ _ = b[1] // early bounds check to guarantee safety of writes below
+ b[0] = byte(v)
+ b[1] = byte(v >> 8)
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) AppendUint16(b []byte, v uint16) []byte {
+ return append(b,
+ byte(v),
+ byte(v>>8),
+ )
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) Uint32(b []byte) uint32 {
+ _ = b[3] // bounds check hint to compiler; see golang.org/issue/14808
+ return uint32(b[0]) | uint32(b[1])<<8 | uint32(b[2])<<16 | uint32(b[3])<<24
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) PutUint32(b []byte, v uint32) {
+ _ = b[3] // early bounds check to guarantee safety of writes below
+ b[0] = byte(v)
+ b[1] = byte(v >> 8)
+ b[2] = byte(v >> 16)
+ b[3] = byte(v >> 24)
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) AppendUint32(b []byte, v uint32) []byte {
+ return append(b,
+ byte(v),
+ byte(v>>8),
+ byte(v>>16),
+ byte(v>>24),
+ )
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) Uint64(b []byte) uint64 {
+ _ = b[7] // bounds check hint to compiler; see golang.org/issue/14808
+ return uint64(b[0]) | uint64(b[1])<<8 | uint64(b[2])<<16 | uint64(b[3])<<24 |
+ uint64(b[4])<<32 | uint64(b[5])<<40 | uint64(b[6])<<48 | uint64(b[7])<<56
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) PutUint64(b []byte, v uint64) {
+ _ = b[7] // early bounds check to guarantee safety of writes below
+ b[0] = byte(v)
+ b[1] = byte(v >> 8)
+ b[2] = byte(v >> 16)
+ b[3] = byte(v >> 24)
+ b[4] = byte(v >> 32)
+ b[5] = byte(v >> 40)
+ b[6] = byte(v >> 48)
+ b[7] = byte(v >> 56)
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) AppendUint64(b []byte, v uint64) []byte {
+ return append(b,
+ byte(v),
+ byte(v>>8),
+ byte(v>>16),
+ byte(v>>24),
+ byte(v>>32),
+ byte(v>>40),
+ byte(v>>48),
+ byte(v>>56),
+ )
+}
+
+func (littleEndian) String() string { return "LittleEndian" }
+
+func (littleEndian) GoString() string { return "binary.LittleEndian" }
+
+type bigEndian struct{}
+
+func (bigEndian) Uint16(b []byte) uint16 {
+ _ = b[1] // bounds check hint to compiler; see golang.org/issue/14808
+ return uint16(b[1]) | uint16(b[0])<<8
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) PutUint16(b []byte, v uint16) {
+ _ = b[1] // early bounds check to guarantee safety of writes below
+ b[0] = byte(v >> 8)
+ b[1] = byte(v)
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) AppendUint16(b []byte, v uint16) []byte {
+ return append(b,
+ byte(v>>8),
+ byte(v),
+ )
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) Uint32(b []byte) uint32 {
+ _ = b[3] // bounds check hint to compiler; see golang.org/issue/14808
+ return uint32(b[3]) | uint32(b[2])<<8 | uint32(b[1])<<16 | uint32(b[0])<<24
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) PutUint32(b []byte, v uint32) {
+ _ = b[3] // early bounds check to guarantee safety of writes below
+ b[0] = byte(v >> 24)
+ b[1] = byte(v >> 16)
+ b[2] = byte(v >> 8)
+ b[3] = byte(v)
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) AppendUint32(b []byte, v uint32) []byte {
+ return append(b,
+ byte(v>>24),
+ byte(v>>16),
+ byte(v>>8),
+ byte(v),
+ )
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) Uint64(b []byte) uint64 {
+ _ = b[7] // bounds check hint to compiler; see golang.org/issue/14808
+ return uint64(b[7]) | uint64(b[6])<<8 | uint64(b[5])<<16 | uint64(b[4])<<24 |
+ uint64(b[3])<<32 | uint64(b[2])<<40 | uint64(b[1])<<48 | uint64(b[0])<<56
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) PutUint64(b []byte, v uint64) {
+ _ = b[7] // early bounds check to guarantee safety of writes below
+ b[0] = byte(v >> 56)
+ b[1] = byte(v >> 48)
+ b[2] = byte(v >> 40)
+ b[3] = byte(v >> 32)
+ b[4] = byte(v >> 24)
+ b[5] = byte(v >> 16)
+ b[6] = byte(v >> 8)
+ b[7] = byte(v)
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) AppendUint64(b []byte, v uint64) []byte {
+ return append(b,
+ byte(v>>56),
+ byte(v>>48),
+ byte(v>>40),
+ byte(v>>32),
+ byte(v>>24),
+ byte(v>>16),
+ byte(v>>8),
+ byte(v),
+ )
+}
+
+func (bigEndian) String() string { return "BigEndian" }
+
+func (bigEndian) GoString() string { return "binary.BigEndian" }
+
+func (nativeEndian) String() string { return "NativeEndian" }
+
+func (nativeEndian) GoString() string { return "binary.NativeEndian" }
+
+// Read reads structured binary data from r into data.
+// Data must be a pointer to a fixed-size value or a slice
+// of fixed-size values.
+// Bytes read from r are decoded using the specified byte order
+// and written to successive fields of the data.
+// When decoding boolean values, a zero byte is decoded as false, and
+// any other non-zero byte is decoded as true.
+// When reading into structs, the field data for fields with
+// blank (_) field names is skipped; i.e., blank field names
+// may be used for padding.
+// When reading into a struct, all non-blank fields must be exported
+// or Read may panic.
+//
+// The error is [io.EOF] only if no bytes were read.
+// If an [io.EOF] happens after reading some but not all the bytes,
+// Read returns [io.ErrUnexpectedEOF].
+func Read(r io.Reader, order ByteOrder, data any) error {
+ // Fast path for basic types and slices.
+ if n := intDataSize(data); n != 0 {
+ bs := make([]byte, n)
+ if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, bs); err != nil {
+ return err
+ }
+ switch data := data.(type) {
+ case *bool:
+ *data = bs[0] != 0
+ case *int8:
+ *data = int8(bs[0])
+ case *uint8:
+ *data = bs[0]
+ case *int16:
+ *data = int16(order.Uint16(bs))
+ case *uint16:
+ *data = order.Uint16(bs)
+ case *int32:
+ *data = int32(order.Uint32(bs))
+ case *uint32:
+ *data = order.Uint32(bs)
+ case *int64:
+ *data = int64(order.Uint64(bs))
+ case *uint64:
+ *data = order.Uint64(bs)
+ case *float32:
+ *data = math.Float32frombits(order.Uint32(bs))
+ case *float64:
+ *data = math.Float64frombits(order.Uint64(bs))
+ case []bool:
+ for i, x := range bs { // Easier to loop over the input for 8-bit values.
+ data[i] = x != 0
+ }
+ case []int8:
+ for i, x := range bs {
+ data[i] = int8(x)
+ }
+ case []uint8:
+ copy(data, bs)
+ case []int16:
+ for i := range data {
+ data[i] = int16(order.Uint16(bs[2*i:]))
+ }
+ case []uint16:
+ for i := range data {
+ data[i] = order.Uint16(bs[2*i:])
+ }
+ case []int32:
+ for i := range data {
+ data[i] = int32(order.Uint32(bs[4*i:]))
+ }
+ case []uint32:
+ for i := range data {
+ data[i] = order.Uint32(bs[4*i:])
+ }
+ case []int64:
+ for i := range data {
+ data[i] = int64(order.Uint64(bs[8*i:]))
+ }
+ case []uint64:
+ for i := range data {
+ data[i] = order.Uint64(bs[8*i:])
+ }
+ case []float32:
+ for i := range data {
+ data[i] = math.Float32frombits(order.Uint32(bs[4*i:]))
+ }
+ case []float64:
+ for i := range data {
+ data[i] = math.Float64frombits(order.Uint64(bs[8*i:]))
+ }
+ default:
+ n = 0 // fast path doesn't apply
+ }
+ if n != 0 {
+ return nil
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Fallback to reflect-based decoding.
+ v := reflect.ValueOf(data)
+ size := -1
+ switch v.Kind() {
+ case reflect.Pointer:
+ v = v.Elem()
+ size = dataSize(v)
+ case reflect.Slice:
+ size = dataSize(v)
+ }
+ if size < 0 {
+ return errors.New("binary.Read: invalid type " + reflect.TypeOf(data).String())
+ }
+ d := &decoder{order: order, buf: make([]byte, size)}
+ if _, err := io.ReadFull(r, d.buf); err != nil {
+ return err
+ }
+ d.value(v)
+ return nil
+}
+
+// Write writes the binary representation of data into w.
+// Data must be a fixed-size value or a slice of fixed-size
+// values, or a pointer to such data.
+// Boolean values encode as one byte: 1 for true, and 0 for false.
+// Bytes written to w are encoded using the specified byte order
+// and read from successive fields of the data.
+// When writing structs, zero values are written for fields
+// with blank (_) field names.
+func Write(w io.Writer, order ByteOrder, data any) error {
+ // Fast path for basic types and slices.
+ if n := intDataSize(data); n != 0 {
+ bs := make([]byte, n)
+ switch v := data.(type) {
+ case *bool:
+ if *v {
+ bs[0] = 1
+ } else {
+ bs[0] = 0
+ }
+ case bool:
+ if v {
+ bs[0] = 1
+ } else {
+ bs[0] = 0
+ }
+ case []bool:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ if x {
+ bs[i] = 1
+ } else {
+ bs[i] = 0
+ }
+ }
+ case *int8:
+ bs[0] = byte(*v)
+ case int8:
+ bs[0] = byte(v)
+ case []int8:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ bs[i] = byte(x)
+ }
+ case *uint8:
+ bs[0] = *v
+ case uint8:
+ bs[0] = v
+ case []uint8:
+ bs = v
+ case *int16:
+ order.PutUint16(bs, uint16(*v))
+ case int16:
+ order.PutUint16(bs, uint16(v))
+ case []int16:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ order.PutUint16(bs[2*i:], uint16(x))
+ }
+ case *uint16:
+ order.PutUint16(bs, *v)
+ case uint16:
+ order.PutUint16(bs, v)
+ case []uint16:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ order.PutUint16(bs[2*i:], x)
+ }
+ case *int32:
+ order.PutUint32(bs, uint32(*v))
+ case int32:
+ order.PutUint32(bs, uint32(v))
+ case []int32:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ order.PutUint32(bs[4*i:], uint32(x))
+ }
+ case *uint32:
+ order.PutUint32(bs, *v)
+ case uint32:
+ order.PutUint32(bs, v)
+ case []uint32:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ order.PutUint32(bs[4*i:], x)
+ }
+ case *int64:
+ order.PutUint64(bs, uint64(*v))
+ case int64:
+ order.PutUint64(bs, uint64(v))
+ case []int64:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ order.PutUint64(bs[8*i:], uint64(x))
+ }
+ case *uint64:
+ order.PutUint64(bs, *v)
+ case uint64:
+ order.PutUint64(bs, v)
+ case []uint64:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ order.PutUint64(bs[8*i:], x)
+ }
+ case *float32:
+ order.PutUint32(bs, math.Float32bits(*v))
+ case float32:
+ order.PutUint32(bs, math.Float32bits(v))
+ case []float32:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ order.PutUint32(bs[4*i:], math.Float32bits(x))
+ }
+ case *float64:
+ order.PutUint64(bs, math.Float64bits(*v))
+ case float64:
+ order.PutUint64(bs, math.Float64bits(v))
+ case []float64:
+ for i, x := range v {
+ order.PutUint64(bs[8*i:], math.Float64bits(x))
+ }
+ }
+ _, err := w.Write(bs)
+ return err
+ }
+
+ // Fallback to reflect-based encoding.
+ v := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(data))
+ size := dataSize(v)
+ if size < 0 {
+ return errors.New("binary.Write: some values are not fixed-sized in type " + reflect.TypeOf(data).String())
+ }
+ buf := make([]byte, size)
+ e := &encoder{order: order, buf: buf}
+ e.value(v)
+ _, err := w.Write(buf)
+ return err
+}
+
+// Size returns how many bytes [Write] would generate to encode the value v, which
+// must be a fixed-size value or a slice of fixed-size values, or a pointer to such data.
+// If v is neither of these, Size returns -1.
+func Size(v any) int {
+ return dataSize(reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(v)))
+}
+
+var structSize sync.Map // map[reflect.Type]int
+
+// dataSize returns the number of bytes the actual data represented by v occupies in memory.
+// For compound structures, it sums the sizes of the elements. Thus, for instance, for a slice
+// it returns the length of the slice times the element size and does not count the memory
+// occupied by the header. If the type of v is not acceptable, dataSize returns -1.
+func dataSize(v reflect.Value) int {
+ switch v.Kind() {
+ case reflect.Slice:
+ if s := sizeof(v.Type().Elem()); s >= 0 {
+ return s * v.Len()
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Struct:
+ t := v.Type()
+ if size, ok := structSize.Load(t); ok {
+ return size.(int)
+ }
+ size := sizeof(t)
+ structSize.Store(t, size)
+ return size
+
+ default:
+ if v.IsValid() {
+ return sizeof(v.Type())
+ }
+ }
+
+ return -1
+}
+
+// sizeof returns the size >= 0 of variables for the given type or -1 if the type is not acceptable.
+func sizeof(t reflect.Type) int {
+ switch t.Kind() {
+ case reflect.Array:
+ if s := sizeof(t.Elem()); s >= 0 {
+ return s * t.Len()
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Struct:
+ sum := 0
+ for i, n := 0, t.NumField(); i < n; i++ {
+ s := sizeof(t.Field(i).Type)
+ if s < 0 {
+ return -1
+ }
+ sum += s
+ }
+ return sum
+
+ case reflect.Bool,
+ reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64,
+ reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64,
+ reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64, reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
+ return int(t.Size())
+ }
+
+ return -1
+}
+
+type coder struct {
+ order ByteOrder
+ buf []byte
+ offset int
+}
+
+type (
+ decoder coder
+ encoder coder
+)
+
+func (d *decoder) bool() bool {
+ x := d.buf[d.offset]
+ d.offset++
+ return x != 0
+}
+
+func (e *encoder) bool(x bool) {
+ if x {
+ e.buf[e.offset] = 1
+ } else {
+ e.buf[e.offset] = 0
+ }
+ e.offset++
+}
+
+func (d *decoder) uint8() uint8 {
+ x := d.buf[d.offset]
+ d.offset++
+ return x
+}
+
+func (e *encoder) uint8(x uint8) {
+ e.buf[e.offset] = x
+ e.offset++
+}
+
+func (d *decoder) uint16() uint16 {
+ x := d.order.Uint16(d.buf[d.offset : d.offset+2])
+ d.offset += 2
+ return x
+}
+
+func (e *encoder) uint16(x uint16) {
+ e.order.PutUint16(e.buf[e.offset:e.offset+2], x)
+ e.offset += 2
+}
+
+func (d *decoder) uint32() uint32 {
+ x := d.order.Uint32(d.buf[d.offset : d.offset+4])
+ d.offset += 4
+ return x
+}
+
+func (e *encoder) uint32(x uint32) {
+ e.order.PutUint32(e.buf[e.offset:e.offset+4], x)
+ e.offset += 4
+}
+
+func (d *decoder) uint64() uint64 {
+ x := d.order.Uint64(d.buf[d.offset : d.offset+8])
+ d.offset += 8
+ return x
+}
+
+func (e *encoder) uint64(x uint64) {
+ e.order.PutUint64(e.buf[e.offset:e.offset+8], x)
+ e.offset += 8
+}
+
+func (d *decoder) int8() int8 { return int8(d.uint8()) }
+
+func (e *encoder) int8(x int8) { e.uint8(uint8(x)) }
+
+func (d *decoder) int16() int16 { return int16(d.uint16()) }
+
+func (e *encoder) int16(x int16) { e.uint16(uint16(x)) }
+
+func (d *decoder) int32() int32 { return int32(d.uint32()) }
+
+func (e *encoder) int32(x int32) { e.uint32(uint32(x)) }
+
+func (d *decoder) int64() int64 { return int64(d.uint64()) }
+
+func (e *encoder) int64(x int64) { e.uint64(uint64(x)) }
+
+func (d *decoder) value(v reflect.Value) {
+ switch v.Kind() {
+ case reflect.Array:
+ l := v.Len()
+ for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
+ d.value(v.Index(i))
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Struct:
+ t := v.Type()
+ l := v.NumField()
+ for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
+ // Note: Calling v.CanSet() below is an optimization.
+ // It would be sufficient to check the field name,
+ // but creating the StructField info for each field is
+ // costly (run "go test -bench=ReadStruct" and compare
+ // results when making changes to this code).
+ if v := v.Field(i); v.CanSet() || t.Field(i).Name != "_" {
+ d.value(v)
+ } else {
+ d.skip(v)
+ }
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Slice:
+ l := v.Len()
+ for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
+ d.value(v.Index(i))
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Bool:
+ v.SetBool(d.bool())
+
+ case reflect.Int8:
+ v.SetInt(int64(d.int8()))
+ case reflect.Int16:
+ v.SetInt(int64(d.int16()))
+ case reflect.Int32:
+ v.SetInt(int64(d.int32()))
+ case reflect.Int64:
+ v.SetInt(d.int64())
+
+ case reflect.Uint8:
+ v.SetUint(uint64(d.uint8()))
+ case reflect.Uint16:
+ v.SetUint(uint64(d.uint16()))
+ case reflect.Uint32:
+ v.SetUint(uint64(d.uint32()))
+ case reflect.Uint64:
+ v.SetUint(d.uint64())
+
+ case reflect.Float32:
+ v.SetFloat(float64(math.Float32frombits(d.uint32())))
+ case reflect.Float64:
+ v.SetFloat(math.Float64frombits(d.uint64()))
+
+ case reflect.Complex64:
+ v.SetComplex(complex(
+ float64(math.Float32frombits(d.uint32())),
+ float64(math.Float32frombits(d.uint32())),
+ ))
+ case reflect.Complex128:
+ v.SetComplex(complex(
+ math.Float64frombits(d.uint64()),
+ math.Float64frombits(d.uint64()),
+ ))
+ }
+}
+
+func (e *encoder) value(v reflect.Value) {
+ switch v.Kind() {
+ case reflect.Array:
+ l := v.Len()
+ for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
+ e.value(v.Index(i))
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Struct:
+ t := v.Type()
+ l := v.NumField()
+ for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
+ // see comment for corresponding code in decoder.value()
+ if v := v.Field(i); v.CanSet() || t.Field(i).Name != "_" {
+ e.value(v)
+ } else {
+ e.skip(v)
+ }
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Slice:
+ l := v.Len()
+ for i := 0; i < l; i++ {
+ e.value(v.Index(i))
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Bool:
+ e.bool(v.Bool())
+
+ case reflect.Int, reflect.Int8, reflect.Int16, reflect.Int32, reflect.Int64:
+ switch v.Type().Kind() {
+ case reflect.Int8:
+ e.int8(int8(v.Int()))
+ case reflect.Int16:
+ e.int16(int16(v.Int()))
+ case reflect.Int32:
+ e.int32(int32(v.Int()))
+ case reflect.Int64:
+ e.int64(v.Int())
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Uint, reflect.Uint8, reflect.Uint16, reflect.Uint32, reflect.Uint64, reflect.Uintptr:
+ switch v.Type().Kind() {
+ case reflect.Uint8:
+ e.uint8(uint8(v.Uint()))
+ case reflect.Uint16:
+ e.uint16(uint16(v.Uint()))
+ case reflect.Uint32:
+ e.uint32(uint32(v.Uint()))
+ case reflect.Uint64:
+ e.uint64(v.Uint())
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Float32, reflect.Float64:
+ switch v.Type().Kind() {
+ case reflect.Float32:
+ e.uint32(math.Float32bits(float32(v.Float())))
+ case reflect.Float64:
+ e.uint64(math.Float64bits(v.Float()))
+ }
+
+ case reflect.Complex64, reflect.Complex128:
+ switch v.Type().Kind() {
+ case reflect.Complex64:
+ x := v.Complex()
+ e.uint32(math.Float32bits(float32(real(x))))
+ e.uint32(math.Float32bits(float32(imag(x))))
+ case reflect.Complex128:
+ x := v.Complex()
+ e.uint64(math.Float64bits(real(x)))
+ e.uint64(math.Float64bits(imag(x)))
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+func (d *decoder) skip(v reflect.Value) {
+ d.offset += dataSize(v)
+}
+
+func (e *encoder) skip(v reflect.Value) {
+ n := dataSize(v)
+ zero := e.buf[e.offset : e.offset+n]
+ for i := range zero {
+ zero[i] = 0
+ }
+ e.offset += n
+}
+
+// intDataSize returns the size of the data required to represent the data when encoded.
+// It returns zero if the type cannot be implemented by the fast path in Read or Write.
+func intDataSize(data any) int {
+ switch data := data.(type) {
+ case bool, int8, uint8, *bool, *int8, *uint8:
+ return 1
+ case []bool:
+ return len(data)
+ case []int8:
+ return len(data)
+ case []uint8:
+ return len(data)
+ case int16, uint16, *int16, *uint16:
+ return 2
+ case []int16:
+ return 2 * len(data)
+ case []uint16:
+ return 2 * len(data)
+ case int32, uint32, *int32, *uint32:
+ return 4
+ case []int32:
+ return 4 * len(data)
+ case []uint32:
+ return 4 * len(data)
+ case int64, uint64, *int64, *uint64:
+ return 8
+ case []int64:
+ return 8 * len(data)
+ case []uint64:
+ return 8 * len(data)
+ case float32, *float32:
+ return 4
+ case float64, *float64:
+ return 8
+ case []float32:
+ return 4 * len(data)
+ case []float64:
+ return 8 * len(data)
+ }
+ return 0
+}
diff --git a/common/binary/native_endian_big.go b/common/binary/native_endian_big.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..bcc8e30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/binary/native_endian_big.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build armbe || arm64be || m68k || mips || mips64 || mips64p32 || ppc || ppc64 || s390 || s390x || shbe || sparc || sparc64
+
+package binary
+
+type nativeEndian struct {
+ bigEndian
+}
+
+// NativeEndian is the native-endian implementation of [ByteOrder] and [AppendByteOrder].
+var NativeEndian nativeEndian
diff --git a/common/binary/native_endian_little.go b/common/binary/native_endian_little.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..38d3e9b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/binary/native_endian_little.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build 386 || amd64 || amd64p32 || alpha || arm || arm64 || loong64 || mipsle || mips64le || mips64p32le || nios2 || ppc64le || riscv || riscv64 || sh || wasm
+
+package binary
+
+type nativeEndian struct {
+ littleEndian
+}
+
+// NativeEndian is the native-endian implementation of [ByteOrder] and [AppendByteOrder].
+var NativeEndian nativeEndian
diff --git a/common/binary/varint.go b/common/binary/varint.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..64dd9d6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/binary/varint.go
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright 2011 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+package binary
+
+// This file implements "varint" encoding of 64-bit integers.
+// The encoding is:
+// - unsigned integers are serialized 7 bits at a time, starting with the
+// least significant bits
+// - the most significant bit (msb) in each output byte indicates if there
+// is a continuation byte (msb = 1)
+// - signed integers are mapped to unsigned integers using "zig-zag"
+// encoding: Positive values x are written as 2*x + 0, negative values
+// are written as 2*(^x) + 1; that is, negative numbers are complemented
+// and whether to complement is encoded in bit 0.
+//
+// Design note:
+// At most 10 bytes are needed for 64-bit values. The encoding could
+// be more dense: a full 64-bit value needs an extra byte just to hold bit 63.
+// Instead, the msb of the previous byte could be used to hold bit 63 since we
+// know there can't be more than 64 bits. This is a trivial improvement and
+// would reduce the maximum encoding length to 9 bytes. However, it breaks the
+// invariant that the msb is always the "continuation bit" and thus makes the
+// format incompatible with a varint encoding for larger numbers (say 128-bit).
+
+import (
+ "errors"
+ "io"
+)
+
+// MaxVarintLenN is the maximum length of a varint-encoded N-bit integer.
+const (
+ MaxVarintLen16 = 3
+ MaxVarintLen32 = 5
+ MaxVarintLen64 = 10
+)
+
+// AppendUvarint appends the varint-encoded form of x,
+// as generated by [PutUvarint], to buf and returns the extended buffer.
+func AppendUvarint(buf []byte, x uint64) []byte {
+ for x >= 0x80 {
+ buf = append(buf, byte(x)|0x80)
+ x >>= 7
+ }
+ return append(buf, byte(x))
+}
+
+// PutUvarint encodes a uint64 into buf and returns the number of bytes written.
+// If the buffer is too small, PutUvarint will panic.
+func PutUvarint(buf []byte, x uint64) int {
+ i := 0
+ for x >= 0x80 {
+ buf[i] = byte(x) | 0x80
+ x >>= 7
+ i++
+ }
+ buf[i] = byte(x)
+ return i + 1
+}
+
+// Uvarint decodes a uint64 from buf and returns that value and the
+// number of bytes read (> 0). If an error occurred, the value is 0
+// and the number of bytes n is <= 0 meaning:
+//
+// n == 0: buf too small
+// n < 0: value larger than 64 bits (overflow)
+// and -n is the number of bytes read
+func Uvarint(buf []byte) (uint64, int) {
+ var x uint64
+ var s uint
+ for i, b := range buf {
+ if i == MaxVarintLen64 {
+ // Catch byte reads past MaxVarintLen64.
+ // See issue https://golang.org/issues/41185
+ return 0, -(i + 1) // overflow
+ }
+ if b < 0x80 {
+ if i == MaxVarintLen64-1 && b > 1 {
+ return 0, -(i + 1) // overflow
+ }
+ return x | uint64(b)<<s, i + 1
+ }
+ x |= uint64(b&0x7f) << s
+ s += 7
+ }
+ return 0, 0
+}
+
+// AppendVarint appends the varint-encoded form of x,
+// as generated by [PutVarint], to buf and returns the extended buffer.
+func AppendVarint(buf []byte, x int64) []byte {
+ ux := uint64(x) << 1
+ if x < 0 {
+ ux = ^ux
+ }
+ return AppendUvarint(buf, ux)
+}
+
+// PutVarint encodes an int64 into buf and returns the number of bytes written.
+// If the buffer is too small, PutVarint will panic.
+func PutVarint(buf []byte, x int64) int {
+ ux := uint64(x) << 1
+ if x < 0 {
+ ux = ^ux
+ }
+ return PutUvarint(buf, ux)
+}
+
+// Varint decodes an int64 from buf and returns that value and the
+// number of bytes read (> 0). If an error occurred, the value is 0
+// and the number of bytes n is <= 0 with the following meaning:
+//
+// n == 0: buf too small
+// n < 0: value larger than 64 bits (overflow)
+// and -n is the number of bytes read
+func Varint(buf []byte) (int64, int) {
+ ux, n := Uvarint(buf) // ok to continue in presence of error
+ x := int64(ux >> 1)
+ if ux&1 != 0 {
+ x = ^x
+ }
+ return x, n
+}
+
+var errOverflow = errors.New("binary: varint overflows a 64-bit integer")
+
+// ReadUvarint reads an encoded unsigned integer from r and returns it as a uint64.
+// The error is [io.EOF] only if no bytes were read.
+// If an [io.EOF] happens after reading some but not all the bytes,
+// ReadUvarint returns [io.ErrUnexpectedEOF].
+func ReadUvarint(r io.ByteReader) (uint64, error) {
+ var x uint64
+ var s uint
+ for i := 0; i < MaxVarintLen64; i++ {
+ b, err := r.ReadByte()
+ if err != nil {
+ if i > 0 && err == io.EOF {
+ err = io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+ }
+ return x, err
+ }
+ if b < 0x80 {
+ if i == MaxVarintLen64-1 && b > 1 {
+ return x, errOverflow
+ }
+ return x | uint64(b)<<s, nil
+ }
+ x |= uint64(b&0x7f) << s
+ s += 7
+ }
+ return x, errOverflow
+}
+
+// ReadVarint reads an encoded signed integer from r and returns it as an int64.
+// The error is [io.EOF] only if no bytes were read.
+// If an [io.EOF] happens after reading some but not all the bytes,
+// ReadVarint returns [io.ErrUnexpectedEOF].
+func ReadVarint(r io.ByteReader) (int64, error) {
+ ux, err := ReadUvarint(r) // ok to continue in presence of error
+ x := int64(ux >> 1)
+ if ux&1 != 0 {
+ x = ^x
+ }
+ return x, err
+}