rage: Tag strings for translation

.github/workflows/interop.yml

@@ -22,12 +22,12 @@ jobs:
           toolchain: 1.45.0
           override: true
       - name: cargo build
-        run: cargo build --features unstable
+        run: cargo build --release --features unstable
         working-directory: ./rage
       - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v1
         with:
           name: rage
-          path: target/debug/rage
+          path: target/release/rage
 
       - name: Update FiloSottile/age status with result
         if: github.event.action == 'age-interop-request'

i18n.toml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fallback_language = "en-US"

rage/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ to 1.0.0 are beta releases.
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 ### Added
+- Internationalization (i18n) support!
 - `ssh` feature flag, enabled by default. It can be disabled to remove support
   for `ssh-rsa` and `ssh-ed25519` recipients and identities.
 

rage/i18n.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+fallback_language = "en-US"
+
+[fluent]
+assets_dir = "i18n"

rage/i18n/en-US/rage.ftl

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+# Copyright 2020 Jack Grigg
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
+# <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
+# option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
+# except according to those terms.
+
+### Localization for strings in the rage CLI tool
+
+## CLI flags
+
+-flag-armor = -a/--armor
+-flag-decrypt = -d/--decrypt
+-flag-identity = -i/--identity
+-flag-recipient = -r/--recipient
+-flag-passphrase = -p/--passphrase
+-flag-max-work-factor = --max-work-factor
+-flag-unstable = --features unstable
+
+## Encryption messages
+
+autogenerated-passphrase = Using an autogenerated passphrase:
+type-passphrase = Type passphrase
+prompt-passphrase = Passphrase
+
+## General errors
+
+err-passphrase-timed-out = Timed out waiting for passphrase input.
+
+err-ux-A = Did rage not do what you expected? Could an error be more useful?
+err-ux-B = Tell us
+# Put (len(A) - len(B) - 32) spaces here.
+err-ux-C = {"                          "}
+
+## Encryption errors
+
+err-enc-broken-stdout = Could not write to stdout: {$err}
+rec-enc-broken-stdout = Are you piping to a program that isn't reading from stdin?
+
+err-enc-broken-file = Could not write to file: {$err}
+
+err-enc-identity = {-flag-identity} can't be used in encryption mode.
+rec-enc-identity = Did you forget to specify {-flag-decrypt}?
+
+err-enc-invalid-recipient = Invalid recipient '{$recipient}'
+
+err-enc-missing-recipients = Missing recipients.
+rec-enc-missing-recipients = Did you forget to specify {-flag-recipient}?
+
+err-enc-mixed-recipient-passphrase = {-flag-recipient} can't be used with {-flag-passphrase}
+err-enc-passphrase-without-file = File to encrypt must be passed as an argument when using {-flag-passphrase}
+err-enc-unknown-alias = Unknown {$alias}
+
+## Decryption errors
+
+rec-dec-excessive-work = To decrypt, retry with {-flag-max-work-factor} {$wf}
+
+err-dec-armor-flag = {-flag-armor} can't be used with {-flag-decrypt}.
+rec-dec-armor-flag = Note that armored files are detected automatically.
+
+err-dec-identity-not-found = Identity file not found: {$filename}
+
+err-dec-missing-identities = Missing identities.
+rec-dec-missing-identities-1 = Did you forget to specify {-flag-identity}?
+rec-dec-missing-identities-2 = You can also store default identities in this file:
+
+err-dec-passphrase-flag = {-flag-passphrase} can't be used with {-flag-decrypt}.
+rec-dec-passphrase-flag = Note that passphrase-encrypted files are detected automatically.
+
+err-dec-passphrase-without-file-win =
+    This file requires a passphrase, and on Windows the
+    file to decrypt must be passed as a positional argument
+    when decrypting with a passphrase.
+
+err-dec-recipient-flag = {-flag-recipient} can't be used with {-flag-decrypt}.
+rec-dec-recipient-flag = Did you mean to use {-flag-identity} to specify a private key?
+
+## Unstable features
+
+unstable-aliases = Aliases are unstable.
+unstable-github = GitHub lookups are unstable, ignoring recipient.
+test-unstable = To test this, build rage with {-flag-unstable}.

rage/src/bin/rage/error.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
+use i18n_embed_fl::fl;
 use std::fmt;
 use std::io;
 
+macro_rules! wfl {
+    ($f:ident, $message_id:literal) => {
+        write!($f, "{}", $crate::fl!($message_id))
+    };
+}
+
+macro_rules! wlnfl {
+    ($f:ident, $message_id:literal) => {
+        writeln!($f, "{}", $crate::fl!($message_id))
+    };
+}
+
 pub(crate) enum EncryptError {
     BrokenPipe { is_stdout: bool, source: io::Error },
     IdentityFlag,
@@ -9,8 +22,8 @@ pub(crate) enum EncryptError {
     Minreq(minreq::Error),
     MissingRecipients,
     MixedRecipientAndPassphrase,
+    PassphraseTimedOut,
     PassphraseWithoutFileArgument,
-    TimedOut(String),
     UnknownAlias(String),
 }
 
@@ -39,35 +52,63 @@ impl fmt::Display for EncryptError {
         match self {
             EncryptError::BrokenPipe { is_stdout, source } => {
                 if *is_stdout {
-                    writeln!(f, "Could not write to stdout: {}", source)?;
+                    writeln!(
+                        f,
+                        "{}",
+                        fl!(
+                            crate::LANGUAGE_LOADER,
+                            "err-enc-broken-stdout",
+                            err = source.to_string()
+                        )
+                    )?;
+                    wfl!(f, "rec-enc-broken-stdout")
+                } else {
                     write!(
                         f,
-                        "Are you piping to a program that isn't reading from stdin?"
+                        "{}",
+                        fl!(
+                            crate::LANGUAGE_LOADER,
+                            "err-enc-broken-file",
+                            err = source.to_string()
+                        )
                     )
-                } else {
-                    write!(f, "Could not write to file: {}", source)
                 }
             }
             EncryptError::IdentityFlag => {
-                writeln!(f, "-i/--identity can't be used in encryption mode.")?;
-                write!(f, "Did you forget to specify -d/--decrypt?")
+                wlnfl!(f, "err-enc-identity")?;
+                wfl!(f, "rec-enc-identity")
             }
-            EncryptError::InvalidRecipient(r) => write!(f, "Invalid recipient '{}'", r),
+            EncryptError::InvalidRecipient(recipient) => write!(
+                f,
+                "{}",
+                fl!(
+                    crate::LANGUAGE_LOADER,
+                    "err-enc-invalid-recipient",
+                    recipient = recipient.as_str()
+                )
+            ),
             EncryptError::Io(e) => write!(f, "{}", e),
             EncryptError::Minreq(e) => write!(f, "{}", e),
             EncryptError::MissingRecipients => {
-                writeln!(f, "Missing recipients.")?;
-                write!(f, "Did you forget to specify -r/--recipient?")
+                wlnfl!(f, "err-enc-missing-recipients")?;
+                wfl!(f, "rec-enc-missing-recipients")
             }
             EncryptError::MixedRecipientAndPassphrase => {
-                write!(f, "-r/--recipient can't be used with -p/--passphrase")
+                wfl!(f, "err-enc-mixed-recipient-passphrase")
             }
-            EncryptError::PassphraseWithoutFileArgument => write!(
+            EncryptError::PassphraseTimedOut => wfl!(f, "err-passphrase-timed-out"),
+            EncryptError::PassphraseWithoutFileArgument => {
+                wfl!(f, "err-enc-passphrase-without-file")
+            }
+            EncryptError::UnknownAlias(alias) => write!(
                 f,
-                "File to encrypt must be passed as an argument when using -p/--passphrase"
+                "{}",
+                fl!(
+                    crate::LANGUAGE_LOADER,
+                    "err-enc-unknown-alias",
+                    alias = alias.as_str()
+                )
             ),
-            EncryptError::TimedOut(source) => write!(f, "Timed out waiting for {}", source),
-            EncryptError::UnknownAlias(alias) => write!(f, "Unknown {}", alias),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -79,10 +120,10 @@ pub(crate) enum DecryptError {
     Io(io::Error),
     MissingIdentities(String),
     PassphraseFlag,
+    PassphraseTimedOut,
     #[cfg(not(unix))]
     PassphraseWithoutFileArgument,
     RecipientFlag,
-    TimedOut(String),
     #[cfg(feature = "ssh")]
     UnsupportedKey(String, age::ssh::UnsupportedKey),
 }
@@ -105,45 +146,51 @@ impl fmt::Display for DecryptError {
             DecryptError::Age(e) => match e {
                 age::DecryptError::ExcessiveWork { required, .. } => {
                     writeln!(f, "{}", e)?;
-                    write!(f, "To decrypt, retry with --max-work-factor {}", required)
+                    write!(
+                        f,
+                        "{}",
+                        fl!(
+                            crate::LANGUAGE_LOADER,
+                            "rec-dec-excessive-work",
+                            wf = required
+                        )
+                    )
                 }
                 _ => write!(f, "{}", e),
             },
             DecryptError::ArmorFlag => {
-                writeln!(f, "-a/--armor can't be used with -d/--decrypt.")?;
-                write!(f, "Note that armored files are detected automatically.")
-            }
-            DecryptError::IdentityNotFound(filename) => {
-                write!(f, "Identity file not found: {}", filename)
+                wlnfl!(f, "err-dec-armor-flag")?;
+                wfl!(f, "rec-dec-armor-flag")
             }
+            DecryptError::IdentityNotFound(filename) => write!(
+                f,
+                "{}",
+                fl!(
+                    crate::LANGUAGE_LOADER,
+                    "err-dec-identity-not-found",
+                    filename = filename.as_str()
+                )
+            ),
             DecryptError::Io(e) => write!(f, "{}", e),
             DecryptError::MissingIdentities(default_filename) => {
-                writeln!(f, "Missing identities.")?;
-                writeln!(f, "Did you forget to specify -i/--identity?")?;
-                writeln!(f, "You can also store default identities in this file:")?;
+                wlnfl!(f, "err-dec-missing-identities")?;
+                wlnfl!(f, "rec-dec-missing-identities-1")?;
+                wlnfl!(f, "rec-dec-missing-identities-2")?;
                 write!(f, "    {}", default_filename)
             }
             DecryptError::PassphraseFlag => {
-                writeln!(f, "-p/--passphrase can't be used with -d/--decrypt.")?;
-                write!(
-                    f,
-                    "Note that passphrase-encrypted files are detected automatically."
-                )
+                wlnfl!(f, "err-dec-passphrase-flag")?;
+                wfl!(f, "rec-dec-passphrase-flag")
             }
+            DecryptError::PassphraseTimedOut => wfl!(f, "err-passphrase-timed-out"),
             #[cfg(not(unix))]
             DecryptError::PassphraseWithoutFileArgument => {
-                writeln!(f, "This file requires a passphrase, and on Windows the")?;
-                writeln!(f, "file to decrypt must be passed as a positional argument")?;
-                write!(f, "when decrypting with a passphrase.")
+                wfl!(f, "err-dec-passphrase-without-file-win")
             }
             DecryptError::RecipientFlag => {
-                writeln!(f, "-r/--recipient can't be used with -d/--decrypt.")?;
-                write!(
-                    f,
-                    "Did you mean to use -i/--identity to specify a private key?"
-                )
+                wlnfl!(f, "err-dec-recipient-flag")?;
+                wfl!(f, "rec-dec-recipient-flag")
             }
-            DecryptError::TimedOut(source) => write!(f, "Timed out waiting for {}", source),
             #[cfg(feature = "ssh")]
             DecryptError::UnsupportedKey(filename, k) => k.display(f, Some(filename.as_str())),
         }
@@ -176,13 +223,12 @@ impl fmt::Debug for Error {
             Error::Encryption(e) => writeln!(f, "{}", e)?,
         }
         writeln!(f)?;
-        writeln!(
-            f,
-            "[ Did rage not do what you expected? Could an error be more useful? ]"
-        )?;
+        writeln!(f, "[ {} ]", crate::fl!("err-ux-A"))?;
         write!(
             f,
-            "[ Tell us: https://str4d.xyz/rage/report                            ]"
+            "[ {}: https://str4d.xyz/rage/report {} ]",
+            crate::fl!("err-ux-B"),
+            crate::fl!("err-ux-C")
         )
     }
 }

rage/src/bin/rage/main.rs

@@ -9,7 +9,13 @@ use age::{
     Recipient,
 };
 use gumdrop::{Options, ParsingStyle};
+use i18n_embed::{
+    fluent::{fluent_language_loader, FluentLanguageLoader},
+    DesktopLanguageRequester,
+};
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use log::{error, warn};
+use rust_embed::RustEmbed;
 use secrecy::ExposeSecret;
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 use std::fs::{read_to_string, File};
@@ -20,6 +26,23 @@ mod error;
 const ALIAS_PREFIX: &str = "alias:";
 const GITHUB_PREFIX: &str = "github:";
 
+#[derive(RustEmbed)]
+#[folder = "i18n"]
+struct Translations;
+
+const TRANSLATIONS: Translations = Translations {};
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref LANGUAGE_LOADER: FluentLanguageLoader = fluent_language_loader!();
+}
+
+#[macro_export]
+macro_rules! fl {
+    ($message_id:literal) => {{
+        i18n_embed_fl::fl!($crate::LANGUAGE_LOADER, $message_id)
+    }};
+}
+
 /// Load map of aliases from the given file, or the default system location
 /// otherwise.
 ///
@@ -118,8 +141,8 @@ fn read_recipients(
         } else if arg.starts_with(ALIAS_PREFIX) {
             #[cfg(not(feature = "unstable"))]
             {
-                eprintln!("Aliases are unstable.");
-                eprintln!("To test this, build rage with --features unstable");
+                eprintln!("{}", fl!("unstable-aliases"));
+                eprintln!("{}", fl!("test-unstable"));
             }
 
             if seen_aliases.contains(&arg) {
@@ -136,8 +159,8 @@ fn read_recipients(
         } else if arg.starts_with(GITHUB_PREFIX) {
             #[cfg(not(feature = "unstable"))]
             {
-                eprintln!("GitHub lookups are unstable, ignoring recipient.");
-                eprintln!("To test this, build rage with --features unstable");
+                eprintln!("{}", fl!("unstable-github"));
+                eprintln!("{}", fl!("test-unstable"));
                 continue;
             }
 
@@ -235,14 +258,12 @@ fn encrypt(opts: AgeOptions) -> Result<(), error::EncryptError> {
         match read_or_generate_passphrase() {
             Ok(Passphrase::Typed(passphrase)) => age::Encryptor::with_user_passphrase(passphrase),
             Ok(Passphrase::Generated(new_passphrase)) => {
-                eprintln!("Using an autogenerated passphrase:");
+                eprintln!("{}", fl!("autogenerated-passphrase"));
                 eprintln!("    {}", new_passphrase.expose_secret());
                 age::Encryptor::with_user_passphrase(new_passphrase)
             }
             Err(pinentry::Error::Cancelled) => return Ok(()),
-            Err(pinentry::Error::Timeout) => {
-                return Err(error::EncryptError::TimedOut("passphrase input".to_owned()))
-            }
+            Err(pinentry::Error::Timeout) => return Err(error::EncryptError::PassphraseTimedOut),
             Err(pinentry::Error::Encoding(e)) => {
                 // Pretend it is an I/O error
                 return Err(error::EncryptError::Io(io::Error::new(
@@ -347,15 +368,13 @@ fn decrypt(opts: AgeOptions) -> Result<(), error::DecryptError> {
                 }
             }
 
-            match read_secret("Type passphrase", "Passphrase", None) {
+            match read_secret(&fl!("type-passphrase"), &fl!("prompt-passphrase"), None) {
                 Ok(passphrase) => decryptor
                     .decrypt(&passphrase, opts.max_work_factor)
                     .map_err(|e| e.into())
                     .and_then(|input| write_output(input, output)),
                 Err(pinentry::Error::Cancelled) => Ok(()),
-                Err(pinentry::Error::Timeout) => {
-                    Err(error::DecryptError::TimedOut("passphrase input".to_owned()))
-                }
+                Err(pinentry::Error::Timeout) => Err(error::DecryptError::PassphraseTimedOut),
                 Err(pinentry::Error::Encoding(e)) => {
                     // Pretend it is an I/O error
                     Err(error::DecryptError::Io(io::Error::new(
@@ -397,6 +416,9 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), error::Error> {
 
     env_logger::builder().format_timestamp(None).init();
 
+    let requested_languages = DesktopLanguageRequester::requested_languages();
+    i18n_embed::select(&*LANGUAGE_LOADER, &TRANSLATIONS, &requested_languages).unwrap();
+
     let args = args().collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
     let opts = AgeOptions::parse_args(&args[1..], ParsingStyle::default()).unwrap_or_else(|e| {